Lezzayer – Rrus : D asaɣen yemzerwaɛen, ibeɛden ɣef ṣṣwab n wazdayen

Tazwart : Lsisan imazrayen d yisertiyen n wassaɣen gar Rrus d Lezzayer

Assaɣen gar Lezzayer d Musku yalass ttwagelmen-d amzun d azday ur nettembiwil ara i d-yewwin iẓuran seg taggara n temharsa d ṭṭrad asemmaḍ. Yella umgired deg kra n temsal ur nban ara. Deg udlis Autopsie d’une guerre : l’aurore, Ferhat Abbas yeḥka-d ɣef yiwet n tirza i yexdem ɣer tmurt n Spanya deg 1957 : ” Deg tallit-nni, Spanya [ i ijebden iman-is ɣer taggara ɣef umussu n uselelli azzayri], seld Yuguslabya akked Swisra, ɣer ɣur-neɣ d tamurt i yesṭerḥiben yis-neɣ.” Deg useggas-nni asinatur d uselway i d-iteddun n Marikan John F. Kennedy yexdem-d yiwen n yinnaw yeqqimen deg umezruy anida i d-yewwet deg tellelt i tefka Marika i Fransayesbeggen-d lebɣi i tmunnent tazzayrit. Amgarad-agi yellan gar tellaliyin d-yettawafkan i tmunent tazzayrit (yiwet n tallit Spanya Tafrakist, Yuguslabya Tatitist, Swisra ur neddi d yiwen, aselway amagday n yimal …) terra-t Lezzayer tamunant d azday “i d-yeglan s yal cci”, Musku i yellan d tasegbart – d tagejdant – gar tiyyaḍ, adabu azzayri seld timunent yewret-d seg umussu n uslelli seg yiwet n tikkelt tawaffra tasertant (aḥemmel n lbaḍna) akked d tdiblumasit timserreḥt (tazmert akken ad taɛǧeb i ysekbaren yimgaraden).

Ɣer taggara n useggas 1950, Tiddukkla n Ṣubyat – i d-yesbeggnen ɛinani ibeddi-ines ɣer tama n uselway amaṣri Ǧamal Ɛedanasser di ṭṭrad-nni n Suez deg useggas 1956 – ur d-yufrar ara amzun d ababt n tmunent tazzayrit. Ibeddi n Musku ɣer tama n timunent tazzayrit ur d-ttwabeggen ara akken i ilaq, tmal ɣer tifrat tafransit-tazzayrit. Ilaq ad nerǧu alaam d ṭuber 1960, meḥsub sin n yiseggasen seld Pikin iwakken Musku ad teɣtes akken ad tesṭaɛref s unabaḍ uɛḍil n tegduda tazzayrit (GPRA). Ad naf targagayt-agi azekkan-nni n timunent tazzayrit deg useggas 1962. Nikita Xrutceb yenna-as i uselway amezwaru n Lezzayer tamunant Ahmed Ben Bella : “ur nezmir ara ad neqbel ad ilint snat n tmura n Kuba ; tesɛam acrik n yelhan, ajiniral De Gaule, ḥerzet-t !”

Maca, xas akken assaɣen gar Wacinṭun d Lezzayer nhewalen ( beṭṭu adiblumaṣi seg 1967, i d-yekkan seg ṭṭrad n seddis n wussan, ar 1974), ur yelli ara deg ddhen n Hewwari Bumedyen (1965-1978) ad yefk iman-is s lekmal-is i yiṣubyatiyen, seld aqerreb – ladɣa deg uḥric n tredsa – n yiseggasen n Ben Bella, ayagi iban-d seg umtawa ardasan seg useggas 1963. Ar tama n usileǧ n twinas n yifesyanen izzayriyen deg uɣerbaz ardasan n Saint –Cyr-cötquidan, amɛiwen aredsan afransis-azzayri yennerna seg useggas 1968 deg taɣulin n usuddes d usiweḍ n lḥerǧ aredsan. Aqel-aɣ sdat, seg taama tazzayrit, n yiwet n tseṭratijit tamesbaɣurt, yersen ɣef ” war-aḥizi”. Maca tibuɣert-agi ur ilaq ara ad aɣ-tettu amili-nneɣ deg wayen yerzan taredsa ɣer yiṣubyatiyen. Ɛala imḍebbren iredsanen ifransisen, Bumedyen – yella imiren d aneɣlaf n temḥaddit – yeṭṭef-d deg useggas n 1963 seg yiffasen n Musku azal n 1,1 imelyaren n frankat ( meḥsub azal n 1,7 n yimelyaren n lyuru) n yireṭṭalen i lḥerǧ aredsan. Daymen almend n yiɣbula ifransisen, azal n lḥerǧ i d-yettwafkan i Lezzyer sɣur Tiddukkla n Taṣubyitik gar timunent n 1962 akked yibrir 1967 yewweḍ ɣer 1,64 n yimelyaren n frankat (meḥsub azal n 2,3 n yimelyaren n yuru). Asenned-agi ɣer Ṣubyat ur ibeddel ara ula deg tallit seld taṣubyatit, deg temrawin n yiseggasen i d-iteddun tamurt n Rrus mazal-itt tesfaydi-d seg wannect-a.

Ɣer taggara n yiseggasen 1970, 90% n lḥerǧ aredsan azzayri yusa-d seg tmurt n Ṣubyat. Nnig wayen yerzan lḥerǧ aredsan, Musku tger-d iman-is diɣen deg unegmu n uḥric n lminat deg Lezzayer s tullya n yilmusen n usileɣ akked tesdawiyin i yilemẓyen izzayayriyen i d-yewwin igerdasen – gar-asen wid i d-yewwin igerdasen tefriqt akked tmura n taɛrabin. Atas n yikataren , ijenyuren d yifesyanen n tegduda tilemẓit tazzayrit i d-yesfaydin s usileɣ aṣubyati, dayen i d-yeglan s tuqqna i d-yellan deg uḥric n tissulya akked yidles. Ass-a, deg lawan ideg tisdawiyin tiṣibyantiyin llint i yinelmaden aɛraben d yifriqiyen armi teɣli Tiddukkla n Ṣubyat, later n tezrit-a – rnu-as tizriyin tafransist akked tin n tumura yessawalen s teglizit – ur d-banent ara. Ikataren yettwasilɣen deg Tiddukkla Taṣubyitit mačči d nutni i d-yufraren. Ma neṭṭef-d amedya n uḥric n tisrɣay, ladɣa takebbanit tagaɛmirt n lbiṭrun Ṣunaṭrak yettwasbedden deg useggas 1963, tisselwit-is yezga ɣef uqerru-s ijenyuren i d-yyetwasilɣen deg tmurt n Marikan.

Ikataren yettwasilɣen deg tmurt Rrus ad ten-ṭṭafeḍ d iɣella n tredsa. Aɣella amiran n tredsa, Saɛid Cengriḥa, yettwasileɣ deg tkadimit tarusit n Vurucilub deg yiseggasen-nni 70. Win yellan uqbel-ines, Aḥmed Gayed Ṣalaḥ (yemmuten deg taggara n useggas 2019), argaz anezmar n udabu azzayri seld agguren imezwura n tnekkra taɣerfant (ḥirak) yellan deffir n ustixer n Ɛebdelaziz Butefliqa – yellan yeqreb ɣur-s –, yettwasileɣ ula d netta deg Tdukkla n Ṣubyat. Akken ula d ajiniral Aɛli Ɣdiri, anemhal aqdim n yiɣbula alsanen deg uɣlif n temḥaddit, yettwaḥebsen i “tnalit n tidmi n uɣref” (seg 2019 ɣer 2025), segmi yebɣa ad “yicqirew anagraw”, almend n yinnan-ines, yessumer-d ad yettiki deg tefranin ntislwit n tigduda. Gar akk ilmusen n udabu aazzayri, taredsa – i yeqqimen d tamezwarut gar-asen – tettban-d amzun d tin anida tazrirt tarusit mazal-itt tedder. Maca seg taggara n ṭṭrad asemmaḍ, tizririn-nniḍen (bdu-tt seg tezrit n Marikan) usant-d d takniwin-ines.

Seg yiseggasen 2000, nezmer ad d-nwekked belli assaɣen gar snat n tmura-agi nernant ugar, seld tizeɣnin timeqqranin i yeddren yal ta seg tama-s deg yiseggansen-nni 1990. Asnegmu deg usatel agraɣlan – deg uɣawas asertan neɣ adamsan –, asnegmu agensay n snat n tmura-agi, tilin n tesnekdiyin, n lfaydat d uxemmem yezdin … d ssebbat i ilaq ad nedem deg tesleḍt n wassaɣn gar snat ntmura-a.
ṭṭrad deg Ukranya, tazɣent deg tmura n Saḥel, arkad ur nelli akked beṭṭu deg tmurt n Libya d, melmi kan, asenger deg Ɣezza, beggnent-d aserreḥ n wasseɣen-agi. I Musku, tafriqt n ugafa ur teqqim ara kan deg wassaɣen aakked Lezzayer. Aselqey n wassaɣen idamsanen irusiyen-imarrukiyen akked tikkin n Rrus deg yimennuɣen yellan deg Libya d Mali (tallelt yettawafkan i sin yicenga n Lezzayer; Xalifa Ḥafṭer akked tredsa yeṭṭfen adabu deg Bamaku seg 2021) d ttbut ɣef wayagi. Seg tama-ines ma yella Lezzayer ur tdewwer ara s waɛrur i Rrus seld anekcum-ines êr Ukranya, asenned yettwanefken sɣur Marika i Israyil – ula i tiggawin-is i la iteddun deg usamar alemmas – ur ibeddel kra deg wassaɣen n talelt gar Lezzayer d Marika deg taɣulin n tredsa d tdamsa.

Asatel ayiwan, aabeddel n tama n yiseggasen 2000

Rrus d Lezzayer, gar yiseggasen n 1990 d yiseggasen 2000, ḍeffrent cerkent iberdan xas ma yella kra yemgaraden. Deg tallit n uɣelluy n Tdukkla n Ṣubyat, Lezzayer tɣemmes deg yiwet n tezɣent ara yekfun s temrwit n yidammen. Mi tella Rrus seld Taṣubyitikt txeddem ṭṭrad deg Cičini mgal tineslemt tasertant, Lezzyer teɣreq deg “tamrawit taberkant” (yexleḍ umennuɣ gar tredsa d yirebraben imselmen akked tmenɣiwin n yiɣarimen). Deg tazwara n yiseggasen 2000, deg Rrus neɣ deg Lezzayer, cwiṭ cwiṭ netti asebtar n ” ṭṭradat iɣarimen” seg yimiren i snat n tmura ufant-d ɣef uqerru-nsent sin n yiselwayen imaynuten – Vladimir Poutine deg Rrus d Ɛebdelaziz Butefliqa deg Lezzayer – s yinagrawen yessexlaḍen gar tmerkantit tunṣibt d imeẓla n teɣlist d usiweḍ n yissalen. Ɣer taggara, deg teɣzi n yiseggasen 2000, snat n tmura-a sfaydint-d s walluy n ssuma lbiṭrul d lgaz, dayen yessnernan assaɣen n uzenzay d umsaɣ.

Timuɣliwin d tgensas tuzdiyin

Nnig n lwert n wassaɣen izzayriyen-iṣubyatiyen i d-nebder yakan, deg umaḍal seld ṭṭrad asemmaḍ, snat n tmura-agi sɛant isertiyin tizɣarayin ddukklent deg unamek yerna ssemrasent yiwen n umawal. Yiwet txutert i yettwafkan i tigulda taɣelnawt d war asekcem n yiman deg yinnawen, yiwet n tiɣri i tekti n uslali n umaḍal bu agetqerru ssxaden yiwen n wawal ɣef teɣlist. Yerna i sin yiduba ddren lwaḥi ayen swayes d-yegla lǧihad deg Afɣanitan : ad naf “imjuhad n afɣanistan” (iǧihadiyen i yennuɣen mgal taedsa tazeggaɣt deg Afɣanistan deg yiseggasen-nni n 1980) deg tmurt n Čičini akked Lezzayer.

S txazabiyin n 11 ctember 2001, iduba n Lezzyer d Rrus ufan-d iman-nsen sɛan azref deg wayen d-qqaren ɣef umennuɣ mgal rrebrab. Fursen tagnit n uneḍru-agi s yiwet n tmuɣli deg wannar agraɣlan. Deg yiseggasen 1990, adabu azzayri ttwalin-t syir tamuɣli deg unnar agraɣlan asmi taredsa tettwaɛzel. Seld 2001, Lezzayer am Musku – tesswasenqed deg Čičini – bɣan ad d-banen am yisegbaren, neɣ maḍi d icriken n Wacinṭun, deg umennuɣ mgaal rrebrab.

Ttif carukat timserḥin wala tazdayin d tdukliwin

Ɣas akken, Musku ur terri ara Lezzayer d acrik d-yufraren ɣef wiyaḍ si tazwara n yiseggasen n 2000. Tallit tamezwarut n usenbeḍ n Vladimir Poutine (2000-2004) yerra lwelha-s ɣer tmurt n Marikan d Turupt. Ur yebdi ara tiẓin-ines ɣer tmura n waɛraben armi d tallit n usenbeḍ-ines tis snat (2004-2008). Tirza n Vladimir Poutine ɣer Lezzayer di 2006 tesɛa aṭas n lmeɛna ladɣa imi d-tusa kraḍ n tmerin n yiseggasen seld tirza taneggarut n yimḍebber aṣubyiti. Deg ukatar n “usedmes” n tsertit taberranit tarusit, aselway n Rrus iberreḥ-d di tirza-ines asfaḍ n ṭṭlaba tazzayrit, azal n 4,7 imelyaren n idularen. ula d Lezzayer tṛeggem ad tṣerref azal n 7,5 imelyaren n idularen di tiɣin n leslaḥ si tmurt n Rrus.
Caruka-agi d-yefruran nnig tiyaḍ ur telli d aɛewwiq. Di tesnaktiwin nsent deg ayen yeɛnan tasertit taberranit, ama d Lezzayer ama d Rrus ur ddint d tmuɣli n “tdukliwin”. Ma yella kra n yimenzayen imatuten ladɣa lfaydat sedduyent snat n tsertiyin tiberraniyin, yal ta di snat n tmura-a telha-d d uẓeṭṭa n wassaɣen nniḍen berra n wid icudden gar-asent. Ad d-neddem sin n yimedyaten n melmi kan. Di Libya, adabu azzayri ur yeddi ara akked rray teddem Musku : ibeddi ar tama n Xalifa Ḥaftar. Di Lukrayn, adabu azzayri ur idewwer ara s uɛrur i Musku, macca mi luɣen wassaɣen gar Rrus d Marikan seld ahjam ɣef Lukrayn, neḥder i yimḍebren izzayriyen imi ɛerḍen ad kksen aɣbel i yimḍebren n Marikan.

S ufran amaynut n Donald Trump, tamsalt n usemsawi gar tinezmar n Marrikan d Rrus ur d-tris ara ar unnar s yiwet n talɣa : mazal kra n ccek ɣef wassaɣen gar Marikan d Rrus d tuɣalin i izemren ad d-tili ɣer urkad n wassaɣen gar Rrus d Marikan yezmer ad d-yeglu s waṭas n tɣawsiwin i yecriken-nsen. D acu kan, yiwet n temsalt mazal-itt : Lezzayer tebɣa ad teḥrez assaɣen iǧehden akked snat n tmura-a xas kan luɣen wassaɣen gar-as akked kra n yecriken-is deg il agrakal akked Tefriqt n ugafa (Izrayil d Lmerruk deg ayen yerzan Wacinṭun ; ṣṣef n Ḥaftar di Libya d tredsa yeṭṭfen adabu di Mali deg ayen yeɛnan Musku).

Asiwel i yisegbaren berra n udabu sɣur tamurt n Rrus deg lǧiran-is iqerben (imnufaq n terbaɛt Wagner), nnig n yinnaw, yuɣal d aɣbalu n iɣeblan i udabu azzayri. Abeddel n Wagner s Africa corps (d iɣallen yeqnen ugar ɣer yiɣallen n Rrus) di Mali yezmer ad yessenɣes aḥebber n Lezzayer. Maca, ugur ameqran tettmaggar Lezzayer d temnaḍt s umata yekka-d nnig n temsalt-agi. Acku, Tamazɣa s umata, ɣas llan sin n yisegbaren-agi yettusemman d tinezmarin tmnaḍiyin (Lezzayer d Lmerruk), rnu-yas wartilin n uurkad amnaḍan, yeldi abrid i tnezmar tiberraniyin : seg urkad n wassaɣen gar Izrayil d Merruk (d ssebba n ccwal di temnaḍt n Tmazɣa imi aɣref yekreh Izrayil) ar usiǧhed n tilin tarusit di tmura n Saḥel, mebla ma nettu acberber n tmurt n Ṭurk.

Agbur yellan deg unnaar n wasaɣen gar snat n tmura

Deg uḥric n tdamsa, assaɣen gar Lezzayer d Rrus tesban-d rrhafa n tdamsa tazzayrit d tlisa n caruka gar snat n tmura.

Tanzzut gar Rrus d tmura n Tmazɣa

Mi ara nesleḍ tinezzuyin yellan gar Rrus d tmura n Tmazɣa armi d aseggas n 2021, ad nwali d akken assaɣen n idamsiyen llan kan seg yiwet n tama deg ayen yerzan Rrus d Lezzayer.

Données de l’UN Comtrade Database rapportées par le gouvernement russe
En millions de dollars américains ($) courants

Imḍanen-agi sbeggnen-d aṭas n tlufa. Tamezwarut, di Tmazɣa, Lezzayer d nettat i d takliyant tagejdant n Rrus. Tis snat, di teɣzi n snat n tmerwin n yiseggasen, anerni n wassaɣen n tnezzut gar Rrus d Lmerruk ijebbed-d ugar n lwelha am wayen yellan gar Rrus d Lezzayer. Di 2021, ambeddel n ttjara gar Musku d Rrbaṭ ɛeddan i 1,6 n yimelyaren idularen di lawan i deg ulac-iten di ɛecrin n yiseggasen ar deffir. Ar taggara, mi ara nḥekker deg wayen d tettaɣ Rrus, ad d-nerr tamawt d akken Lezzayer teznuzuy drus maḍi. di 2021, ayen teznuzuy Lmerruk i Rrus ugaren s wazal n ɛecrin n yimuren ayen tessufuɣ Lezzayer. Tmanya n yimuren s wayes tt-tugar Tunes. Lmerruk d Tunes znuzuyent ar berra aṭas n yisufar d-yekkan si tfellaḥt (ladɣa lfakya) ugar n Lezzayer, znuzuyent diɣen kra n yisufar nd-yekkan si lluzinat. I tmurt n Rrus, Lezzayer d takliyant uqbel kulci. D akliyan aseqqaḍ deg ayen yerzan lḥerǧ aredsan, maca mačči ḥala ayagi.
Deg uḥric n tfellaḥt, Lezzayer tecrek iɣeblan akked lǧiran-is ɣef ayen yeɛnan taɣellist n tgella. Annerni adimuɣrafi, abeddel di liḥala n tegnewt d ṭṭrad di Lukrayn (immi Rrus d Lukrayn d nutni i yeznuzuyen irden s waṭas di ddunit) d iɣbula n yiɣeblan d yinezgumen. Am Lmerruk, Lezzayer tufrar-d gar tmura d-yettaɣen s waṭas irden si tmurt n Rrus, skud asiweḍ-ines yeshel – ladɣa s tallelt n Ṭṭurk –, ṭṭrad di Lukrayn ur yessembawel ara s ṭṭaqa tasetratijit n usemgired n wansi id-tettaɣ irden (ɣef uzagur n yirden afransis). Ɛla ḥsab n tkebbanit n tɣamsa tarusit Interfax, Lezzayer terna s rebɛa n yimuren ayen d-tettaɣ n yirden arussi s wazal n 1,3 imelyunen n ṭṭun di 2022, mgal 330.000 n ṭṭun di 2021. Tabɛa-yagi tesɛa ɣer yirden n yil aberkan d acqirrew ajubulitik d-yekanayen rrhafa-ines. Maca deg temsalt-agi, Lezzayer ur ttxulef ara s wwaṭas taǧarret-is Lmerruk, d-yettaɣen ula d netta irden-is si tmurt n Rrus.

Lezzayer : d ssuq ameqran n yemrigen irusiyen

Di temsalt n yemrigen, nsenned dag-i ɣef yimḍanen n Usuddu agraɣlan n unadi ɣef talwit n Sṭukhulm (SIPRI). Tallit 2018-2022 ad naf deg-s anɣas ameqran deg tiɣin n yemrigen sɣur Lezzayer (-58% ɣef ayen d-tuɣ di tallit 2013-2017). Timerna n texriḍt yettwamudden i temḥaddit sɣur adabu azzayri (ugar n 22 imelyaren idularen di 2023, meḥsub ugar n sin n yimuren n texriḍt n 2022), yeskanay-d d akken kra yella kra yerna.

Di tallit 2015-2019, Lezzayer tezga-d d tis setta di tmuran ddunit d-yettaɣen imrigen si berra, u teṭṭef amkan wis tlata gar tmura d-yettaɣen imrigen sɣur Rrus, deffir n Lhend d Ccinwa. Ma yella nerra ddehn-nneɣ ar tiɣin n yemrigen – daymen ɛla ḥsab n SPIRI – di teɣzi n snat n tmerwin n yiseggasen, si 2002 ar 2022, ad naf belli azal n 76% n wayen d-tettaɣ Lezzayer si berra yettas-d si tmurt n Rrus. D tidet, ayagi yezga-d ddaw n 90% yellan deg iseggasen-nni n 1970, maca asemgired ur yeṭṭuqet ara nezzeh.

Maca, imi ṭrad di Lukrayn ur yeḥbis ara Rrus deg uznuzu n yirden-ines i Lezzayer deg tmura nniḍen n temnaḍt (anernii n tiɣin n yirden arusi di Lmerruk, di Lezzayer, di Maser…), llan yesteqsiyen ɣef wayen yeɛnan imrigen (s uznuzu d-iṣubben imi yella lḥewj di tmurt n Rrus yakan ɣef liǧal n ṭrad akked lɛuqubat n leǧnas). Ma nquren s tallit 2014-2018, aznuzu n Rrus ɣer berra yenɣes s wazal n 50% di tallit n 2019-2023. Di taallit-agi, Rrus teqqim d nettat i d tamezwarut i yeznuzuyen imrigen i Lezzayyer (48% n wayen d-tettaɣ Lezzayer si berra, deffir s waṭas n wayen d-tettaɣ si tmura n Lalman akked Ccinwa). Imira, wartimunent deg ayen yeɛnan imrigen metwal Rrus hattan gar-aneɣ, kra n wulɣuyen iɛeddan (am tiɣqin n lavyuwat n ṣṣyada umi qaren (=Chasseur furtif) Su-57 n Rrus ttwekkiden-d ɣef ayagi. Ass-a, nnig n lexyal n usemgired, assaɣ-agi icudd aṭas ɣer tazmert n uznuzu n yemrigen irusiyen – meḥsub daɣen s liḥala n umennuɣ n Lukrayn.

Tamsalt n yiserɣan

Di temsalt n yiserɣan, llant tlata n tneqqiḍin i ilaq umeslay fell-assent. Tamezwarut, iɛeddan nnig n wassaɣen gar Rrus d Lezzayer, teɛna assaɣen gar Musku akked Tuddsa n tmura yeznuzuyen lbitrul (OPEP). Seld andah n ṭrad di Lukrayn, d ibeddi ɣef yiwen n rray i d-yufraren – lebɣi n OPEP, ɣef uqerru-s Saɛudiya, d azbu zdat n leḥris n Marikan. Taɣtest n usenɣes n ufares n lbitrul di tuber 2022 yeskanay-d atagi.
Tis snat teɛna izemmar n tidet n Lezzayer akken ad teṭṭef amḍiq n Rrus deg uznuzu n lgaz i Turuft. Aswir n usuter agensay azzayri d tzemmar n ufaresyesɛan tilas smektayent-d d akken ayagi ur yezmir ad d-yeḍru, xas akken nwala mbeɛd mi yendeh ṭrad di Lukrayn timerna tameqrant n uznuzu n lgaz aazzayri metwal Turubt, ladɣa tamurt n Ṭelyan.
Taneggarut terza acrik agejdan ɣef i tsenned Lezzayer akken ad tefru ugur ɣef aydeg d-nemmeslay s ufella, win yerzan tisemmar timecṭaḥ n ufares. Segmi ttwabedlen isuḍaf i ujbad n yimseftiyen iberraniyen (ara inadin ladɣa iɣbula imaynuten n lbitrul d lgaz), anabaḍ azzayri tban-d am akken terra lwelha-s ugar ɣer tkebbaniyin n Marikan. Deg yiwen udiwenni yeḍran gar imqeddem n Marikan di yebrir 2022, aneɣlaf azzayri n yiserɣan d lminat iwekked-d ɣef “tignatin n usefti n caruka i yettak uḥric ladɣa deg ayen yeɛnan anadi, asenfali d usefti n yiserɣan, s usirem ad nwali tikebbaniyin timarikaniyin ad ttikkint deg ulɣuyen n usefti ara d-iger uḥric ussan-a di-iteddun akken ad d-sfaydin deg usaḍuf amaynut aa iseddun aḥric n yiserɣan.

Timsirin timeqranin n Lḥirak d ṭrad di Lukrayn deg ayen yerzan tasertit taberranit

Isentalen yemgaraden d-yettwabedren ar tura smektayen-d talɣa iǧehden, yencewwalen u ineɣsen n caruka tarusit-tazzayrit.
Di 2019, mi d-tusa tnekra taɣerfant ad tessembiwel adabu azzayri u ad tesɣiwel aqcaɛ n Ɛebdelɛaziz Butefliqa, Musku ur d-tyfrar ara akken iwata deg unnar agraɣlan. D tidet, imḍebren izzayriyen tteklen bbelli ad ten-id-fehmen yimḍebren irusiyen, maca ineggura-agi ur d-ddin ara ɛinani yid-sen. Di tazwara, acku tiǧǧin n uselway yettmettaten deg umkan-is ur yeɛwǧib ara i medden irkkel. Rnu-yas, acku adabu azzayri tettkel ɣef tinezmar n umaḍal akked n Turubt. Deg yiwet n tallit ixulfen ɣef tag-i yerzan tifsutin taɛrabin, anda iduba d tredsa – ɣef yella lettkal n urkad – srekden imḍebren, Musku tufa iman-is di tsetratijit mgal-tagrawlit (axnaq n tnekra) n udabu aredsan azzayri s yiwet n talɣa am Wacinṭun, Lpari, Bikin, neɣq Anqara. Meḥsub, adabu azzayri, mačči am udabu asuri amedya, ur teḥwaǧ ara asenned n kra n tnezmart taberranit : tettkel ɣef akk tinezmar n ddunit.
Akken diɣen, imi Rrus teẓdem ɣef Lukrayn, tufa-d zdat-s tarbaɛt n yimezdiyen n latluntik (ar yiwwet n tseddart) i yeddan d Kiev, maca di Tefriqt, di Marikan talatinit, di Asya akked umaḍal aɛrab, twala d akken icriken-is n yal ass – ula d wid iqerben ar Wacinṭun – ur s dewren ara s uɛrur. Dag-i, Lezzayer ur txulef ara dɣa Lmerruk (yiwen rray deg tesquma n Tsuddut n leǧnas (ONU) zdat n uẓdam arusi), d amedya. Tallit-a tamirant d tagnit yettufarasen i iduba imsulta (yerna ggten yid-sen akken ur ttaɛǧaben ara i Musku d Wacinṭun di yiwen wakud) akked yecriken imserḥen.

Ar taggara, takriptukrat (cryptocratie) tazzayrit (adabu uffir, ur nettban ara, ur nettwaṭṭef ara) yettak-d lewhi am akken yessaweḍ ad yerbeḥ mgal tagrawla, maca teḥṣa s wayen ilaqq fell-as ad texdem metwal tinezmar timeqranin : wartilin n tugdut akked trekda tamnaḍant. Di tewtilin-agi, tazerfant i ilaq ad tesɛu metwal leǧnas – akken ad tergel wartilin tamagdayt n daxel – tesɛa sin yeɣbula : ameẓḍu n usutel (=complexe obsidional) (tidmi n win yezgan ddaaw n usutel) d-ttwekkiden kra n yineḍruyen (tadukli n Lmerruk akked Izrayil, aluɣu n wassaɣen akked Mali neɣ akked Fransa) akked tsertit n usemmeḥ akked tinezmar ibeɛden. Akked Wacinṭun, neǧǧa askasi adiwenni aredsan (am akken t-nwwala di duǧember 2023) ɣas tella caruka iǧehden gar Izrayil d Marikan deg ayen iḍerrun di Ɣazza. Akked Musku, nettaɛraḍ ad nkemmel caruka gar snat n tmura xas llant tigawin n Wagner di Libya akked Mali. Ṭrad asemmaḍ yezmer ad d-yefk tawwurt n tuffɣa – s war-aḥizi. Tallit tamirant d tallit n usuget n yemǧaziyen (=accomodements) d usgetamsaɣi (=multi-clientélisme).