La Place d tasɣunt tazzayrit tameṭṭutant tawtayant s snat n tutlayin (taɛrabt – tafransist) ffɣen-ddeg-s ar ass-a ukuẓ n wuṭṭunen, wis xemsa hat-aya, tettwaẓerg-d ɣer teẓrigin Motifs seg 2022, ɣef uqerru-s Maya Ouabadi akked Saadia Gacem, ma d Louise Dib d tanemhalt taẓaruft.
Nnig n unadi akked Ad tettwassen La Place, amagrad-agi yesɛa iswi ad d-yessenɛet anda tessaweḍ tfarest tameṭṭutant tazzayrit tamirant s ttawil n tdewennit-a akked Saadia Gacem.
Talalit : Bɣiɣ ad d-nuɣal ɣef tlalit n La Place. Amek i d-ilul usenfar-nwen ?
Tikti tusa-d sɣur Maya Ouabadi, tameslalt d tanemhalt n teẓrigin Motifs, d-yemmeslayen akken iwata ɣef annect-a deg tdewennit-agi. Beddu ar ɣur-s yusa-d seg tira ɣef yeḥricen n tsekla d usiẓreg, ladɣa asenqed aseklan yellan ulac-it deg unnar n teẓrigin tizzayriyin xas akken llant tesɣunin deg iseggasen n 70/80. Akka i d-tlul tesɣunt n usenqed aseklan Fassl. Amaḍal nniḍen ur d-nettbin ara d win n tlawin d umussu ameṭṭutan ur nesɛi ara kra n tesɣunt xas akken llant yakan uqbel. Tikti ihi tusa-d seg umenzay n uslali n teẓrigin Motifs akked usenfar n ujmaɛ n yimennuɣen n tlawin di Lezzayer, i tebda Awel Haouati di meɣres 2029. Nebda akked Awel nessufuɣ-d deg iẓḍwan imettiyen ayen nufa deg ifarasen n tdukliwin d yimazdayen n tlawin deg yiseggasen n 1960 ar taggara n yiseggasen n 1990, ladɣa kra n wuṭṭunen n taggara n yiseggasen n 1960 armi d iseggasen n 1970 n tesɣunt El Djazaïria akked Présence de femmes, n yiseggasen 1980. Nufa d akken llan ayen din n yifuras n tlawin, di lawan anda nettlummu timenza-nneɣ imi ur urant ara xilla. Llant ttarunt aṭas (ulɣuyen, tisɣunin, tireẓẓiyin, imagraden deg yeɣmisen neɣ deg tesɣunin) xas akken di lweqt-nni tella tedrest d leḥris. Lawan-nni wezzil imi yeḥbes neɣ rran fell-as aɣummu di 1992.
Nufa-d nekk d Maya belli llant tlawin yettarun, d-yesnulfuyen, yettxemmimen ass-a, maca nufa-d diɣen d akken ulac idigan anda izemrent ad d-ssiwḍent tiktiwin-nsent neɣ ad skasint.
Temmeslay-iyi-d Maya ɣef usenfar-agi n tesɛunt tameṭṭutant di lweqt-is. Nella di taggara n duǧember 2019, n useggas n Lḥirak anda nella nebded s ttawil n yegrawen d tikliwin. S-yen d afella nenhewwal s liḥala anda tewweḍ teswiɛt, ladɣa tifranin, leḥris… ¨husseɣ belli ilaq ad jebdeɣ iman-is ciṭuḥ, ad meyyzeɣ, ad serseɣ iman-iw, ufiɣ-d tira d abrid nniḍen n timuɣnest. D abrid nniḍen i d-nufa akken ad nkemmel askasi, ad nemmeslat ɣef liḥala n tlawin di Lezzayer, ad nefk awal i tmeṭṭut.
Asikel/tahregt : tesqucḍemt-d seg tesɣunin yellan yakan deg yizri di Lezzayer neɣ seg tesɣunin tijenṭaḍin ?
Asqucceḍ yella-d seg tesɣunin n timeṭṭutanin tizzayriyin n zik-nni, ladɣa imi llant d timesbuɣar am tesɣunt El Djazaïria n Tdukli taɣelnawt n tlawin tizzayriyin (UNFA) yesɛan agbur d amarkanti d ufrin, ijeml-d gar tasertit tagraɣlant n timura yettnaḍaḥen ɣef uzarugg-nsent (ṭrad n Vietnam, Chili …), akked lamuda n lawan-nni, war ma nett irmuden n UNFA (Timliliyin tussnanin, ineḍruyen), rnu-yas ibeddi mgal Angal n twacult akked usewwi.
Tasɣunt tasdawant Présence de femmes, yebdan tettbini-d deg yiseggasen n 80 tella diɣen si gar n yiɣbula-nteɣ. Gar tisdawaniyin-agi, tasnilsant Dalila Morsli tura-d yiwen n umagrad di tesɣunt La Place ɣef timjuhad. Agbur-nsent yufrar-d s tidet, deg-s ad naf ama d tidewiniyin akked timjuhad neɣ timmyura, timeddurin am tin n Assia Djebbar, unuɣen, tugniwin, tiwlafin. Aṭas n tirawin tiseklanin d-nesuffuɣ deg La Place, gar-asent isefra d tikkisin tiseklanin.
D acu kan, ur nemuqel ara ayen yettwaxdamen anda nniḍen. Iɣbula-nneɣ usan-d seg tirawin tiqburin d-yeffɣen di Lezzayer s-ɣur imazdayen n tlawin d timmeṭṭutiyin tizzayriyin. Iɛɛum-aɣ, ur nuḥwaǧ ara ad nruḥ ad nemuqel anda nniḍen. Di tesɣunt El Djazaïria, yella yiwen n umagrad ɣef yimennuɣen dɣa nseddat-id di La Place. Ayen i aɣ-ixuṣṣen ahat, d tarkent « tagraɣlant » anda ara d-nesuffuɣ imagraden n temyura d-yusan seg tmura n Unẓul ameqran.
Isem : Ayɣer isem am wagi ?
Nella neddawar ɣef La Place, l’espace, la voix aux femmes. Di yal tama anda nniḍen, llant tesɣunin, di Lmerruk, di Tunes, di Maser, di Fransa anda timinigin zemrent ad arunt di lawan anda tid yellan di Lezzayer ur zmirent ara. Nxemmem diɣen ɣef Makane, maca ur aɣ-yeččur ara tiṭ. S yin d afella yella uskasi d usqerdec di 2017/2018 ɣef plastek fel kuzina[1]. Umbeɛd yusa-d wungal n Annie Ernaux, la place, iɣ-iḥuzan aṭas imi nufa deg-s tudert nteɣ ɣas akken tettmeslay-d ɣef yiwet n tmeṭṭut tarumit n yiseggasen n 50 maca tettmeslay i yal tilawin anda bɣunt ilint. D ayen yeddan d yiswi n tesɣunt-nteɣ d-yettawin ɣef yimennuɣen n tlawin, yettmeslayen i yal tilawin n umaḍal, gar-asent tilawin tizzayriyin.
Snat n tnemhalin : Maya Ouabadi d tamsiẓregt n teẓrigin Motifs d-yusan seg umaḍal aseklan akked Saadia Gacem, kem tusiḍ-d seg umaḍal n timuɣnest, d tadukturt di tusnamdan n uzref. Mačči seg yiwen n umaḍal i d-tusa,t, wissen ma tzemreḍ aɣ-d-tiniḍ i tessawḍemt ad temlilemt u ad ttqedcemt lwaḥi ?
Tamezwarut acku nella d timeddukal, rnu-yas di snat yid-nteɣ nettnaḍaḥ ɣef yizerfan n tmeṭṭut, lliɣ ttaruɣ yakan imagraden di Lezzayer. Nettmeslay diɣen aṭas ɣef Lḥirak. Nufa-d iman-nteɣ d tismadayin : Maya temmal ar tsekla yerna d taɛewwajt deg uḥric-agi n teẓrigin, d iḥricen anda ur fazeɣ ara maḍi. Nekk sɛiɣ aḥric nniḍen, d win n timmuɣnest, anermes akked tlawin, akked tamirt d umezruy n yimennuɣen… yal ta tuḥwaǧ tayeḍ di tesɣunt.
Isensegman : Ayɣer afran n yisensegman (taɛrabt-tafransist) yesɛa azal ɣur-kent ? Ahat i usihrew n umḍan n timeɣriyin n tesɣunt-nkent ? Wiissen ma tesɛamt tikti n usuqel ɣer teglizit ladɣa imi tutlayt-agi tebda tettaf amkan-is gar tsutwin timiranin ?
Di tazwara yakan, di snat n tutlayin feḍent-d iman-nsent. Ɣas akken di snat yid-nteɣ nettaru s tefransist, ur aɣ-tekcim ara ar wallaɣ tikti n usufeɣ n tesɣunt s tutlayt tafransist kan iman-is acku neẓra d akken aql-aɣ di Lezzayer yerna nebɣa ad nḥaz tugett n yimeɣriyen. Am akken nebɣa diɣen ad d-neffeɣ ciṭuḥ deg umaḍalt n tefransist, ama s tiɣri i tid yettarun s taɛrabt, neɣ diɣen s timeɣriryin d yimeṛiyen. Ma d taglizit, ur nxemmem ara fell-as acu aɣ-d-yas ɣlay aṭas fella-nteɣ yerna tasɣunt ad tesɛu xilla n yisebtaren. Ur nettaǧa ara tafransist deg idis acku imeɣriyin s tefransist yellan yakan ur ssinen ara taɛrabt ma d imeɣriyen s teglizit iban ssnen taɛrabt. Ihi, yal tamarut tesɛa tilelli ad taru s tutlayt n tefransist neɣ n taɛrabt, s yin d afella ad nessuqel imagraden ɣer tutlayt tis snat. Nefren ad nebḍu gar snat n tutlayin, mačči am Présence de femmes amedya yessexlaḍen deg yiwen n uḍris, deg yiwen n usebtar tafransist d dderǧa.
Ulac asexleḍ gar tewsatin : txeddmemt ala akked tulawin, seg temyura ar temsuɣalin, ar tmseɣtiyin, timsiẓrigin … kra n wawalen ɣef ufran-agi n war asexleḍ ?
Si tazwara yakan, war asexleḍ gar tewsatin d ayen ibanen acku iswi amenzu n La Place d tikci n tegnatin i tlawin akken ad mersent u ad ttuxelṣent ɣef uxeddim-nsent. Llant aṭas n taɣulin (amaḍal n teẓrigin, aseɣti, tasekla, tiwlafin, idles…) anda tilawin xeddment baṭel neɣ ur yettwasteɛref ara yissent. D tagnit akken ad d-nessekcem tameṭṭut ar taɣult-agi ɣef aydeg cberbren yergazen. Di tama nniḍen, ayagi d ayen ibanen ɣur-nteɣ, ad naf iman-nteɣ di lxedma akked tulawin wala akked yergazen. Mebla acuffu n uqendur n wassaɣen gar tulawin, d ayen isehlen maḍi axeddim akked Maya d Louise mačči kan axater d timeddukal maca axater d tilawin. Diɣen d abrid i d-nufa akken ad nesseɛdel tiɣawsiwin neɣ gar taɣulin yettwaṭṭfen sɣur irgazen. Ilaq ad ilin aṭas n wadagen ara yḥizen i talwin weḥd-sent.
Afran n temyura
Di tazwara, nenwa ad d-nessiki tilawin iɣ-d-idewwren, i nḥemmel. Ɣas akken ur netnessin ara, nebɣa a sent-nsel, ad nɣer ayen ara d-arunt di tesɣunt. Uṭṭun amezwaru yettwabna-d s tlawi iɣ-d-idewren. Ciṭuḥ ciṭuḥ, neldi tiwwura acku tamezwarut nekfa yakk tiɣbula-nni i nessen, tis snat acku nebɣa ad neldi tiwwura i tedmiwin nniḍen. S umucaɛ n tesɛunt-nteɣ, kra n tlawin urant-aɣ-id am kem Khadidja Boussaid i qabel neɣ yiwen n tmeɛnast tilemẓit i d-yessumren yiwen n umagrad i wuṭṭun wis 5.
Deg umenzu, tumyura llant d tizzayriyin yettidiren di Lezzayer, ciṭ ciṭ defrent-d tzzayriyin yellan deg yinig, tella diɣen Farah Berqawi, d tamyarut tafalstinit i d-yemmeslayen ɣef lgirra di Ɣazza. Nesɛa diɣen imagraden ɣef tmeddur n kra n tlawin tiberraniyin yesɛan asaɣen akked Lezzayer, am tmeddurt n Nawal Saadaoui i tura Wiame Awres i wuṭṭun i d-iteddun ara d-yeffɣen di meɣres 2026.
Tireknin n La Place : La Place tesɛa aṭas n treknin : tidewiniyin, asedrem, timiranin n yimennuɣen, imezruyen n yimennuɣen, timenɣiwin n tlawin, tazmart d tfekkiwin, tikrunikin tiɣedmawin, takrunikt n Sarah Haidar d yisenulfuyen. Amek d-yella ufran-agi ? Tireknin-agi d timezgiyin neɣ yezmer ad beddlent i sya ɣer zdat ?
Tisɣunin ttwasuddsent s umata s yisental neɣ s treknin. Ur nebɣi ara ad neḥbes imagraden deg yisental, nebɣa ad nesuget isental bdu-tt si tezmart armi d yimennuɣen, ineḍruyen, taẓuri dɣa Maya tufa-d tikti-agi n treknin.
Tikti n tekrunikt n Sarah Haidar tusa-d imi d nettat i d tamyarut d tameɣnast tayiwant ur nesɛi ara takrunikt deg tɣamsa di lawan anda aṭas n yergazen i yesɛan idiganen deg yeɣmisen anda ttarun am Chawki Amari neɣ Mustapha Benfodil. Nesuter-as amek i tebɣa as tsemmi, dɣa tufa-d « game ovaire ». Sya i d-tusa tekti ad nefk isem i yal tarkent s uzwel n yedlisen n kra n tlawin. Amedya, di terkent n tezmart, nefka isem « sorcières » d azlam i udlis n Mona Chollet di tazwara umbeɛd « l’hibiscus pourpre » d azlam i udlis n Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.
Di tama nniḍen, isem n treknin, maca tireknin s timmad-nsent yeggunint ubeddel. Amedya, « deconstruction » akked « portrait » ur llint ara deg uṭṭun amezwaru. Nxemmem diɣ ad nessekcem tireknin ɣef tsertit tagraɣlant neɣ ɣef tdamsa xas akken d isental ɣef aydeg d-nemmeslay yakan deg tmeddurin neɣ deg tidewwiniyin am umagrad ɣef yedrimen n tlawin n Kenza Khatou.
Ar taggara, nebɣa La Place ad tili d taɣawsa yeččuren d unuɣen yettemcilliɛen s yeskilen d-ijebbden allen acku ilaq-aɣ ad neṭṭef amkan-nteɣ anda ara aɣ-walin ugar n yimeɣriyen. Rnu-yas, arkawal udif tettbeddil am treknin. Nɛedda ar kraḍ n wunuɣen imaynuten… Louise Dib d tanaẓurt, tezga tettak-d tiktiwin timaynuten deg ayen yerzan talɣa d thuski n tesɣunt.
Tanezwit d ṣṣda : La Place tella deg aṭas n tnedlisin n Lezzayer akked Fransa, kra di Tunes, Lmerruk, Lubnan akked Biljik, tzemreḍ aɣ-d-tefkeḍ kra n yemḍanen yerna aɣ-d-tiniḍ acḥal n tesɣunin n La Place i d-tessuufuɣem, acɣal yettnuzun … temmuggrem-d kra n wuguren yesɛan asaɣen akked ssuq n udlis ?
Uṭṭun 0 nessufeɣ-d seg-s gar 1300 d 1400 n tesɣunin, nzant akk. Uṭṭunen nniḍen ttnuzun ciṭ ciṭ, d acu nessenɣes amḍan imi nesufuɣ-d kan azal n 900 n tesɣunin (d talemmast deg ayen yeɛnan asufeɣ n tesɣunin) s ssebba n wazal ɣlayen n usuqel akked uḍbaɛ yellan amzun d tasraft n yedrimen.Tasɣunt tettnuzu di Lezzayer akked Fransa d acu azuzer yeḍḥa-d d ugur ameqran d-nettmaggar. Nezzuzur s tallelt n yemddukal d temddukal d tmusniwin yessikilen tasɣunt deg tbalizin-nsen acku azuzer ad d-yesqam ɣlay. Yerna lecɣal ur teddun ara akken iwulem acku d tasɣunt ɣef aydeg neḥwaǧ ad d-nemmeslay u ad nqenneɛ tinedlisin akken ad tt-zenzen. Maya, yesnen ugar-inu aḥric-agi n usiẓreg, tumen d akken menyif ad tili tesɣunt di kra n tnedlisin yumnen yis wala ad tili deg aṭas n tnedlisin maca deffir n yiṭajiren ur d-nettban ara. Asmucceɛ d udellel n La Place yettili-d ladɣa s ttawil yimi, deg yimi ar umeẓẓuɣ, d ttawil-agi i ileḥḥun ugar, rnu-yas diɣen ttawil n usenked. La Place ttaɣen-tt diɣen temkerḍiyin n Lezzayer, n Fransa akked kra n tmura nniḍen.
Ma d ayen yerzan tadrimt, tasɣunt tettidir s wayen yettnuzun akked kra n tallelt iɣ-d-ikeččmen sya u sya.
Ar taggara, uguren n umaḍal n usuẓreg ur ɛnin ara kan La Place neɣ Lezzayer, aql-aɣ nettidir yiwet n tezɣent tamaḍlant n usufeɣ n yedlisen d tesɣunin ; lkaɣeḍ d lmidad simmal rennun di ssuma.
Amaggar : La Place tettarra-d kra n ṣṣda neɣ amek itt-ttqabalen imeɣriyen ? d acu-ten isenqaden d-temmuggrem ?
Tasɣunt tettuqabal akken iwata sɣur timeɣriryin d yimeɣriyen, acku d taɣawsa tamaynut yerna diɣen acku tanekkit-nneɣ nettberriḥ-d yess s leǧher. Tella yiwet n leḥrara annect-ilatt asmi d-nberreḥ s tuffɣa n wuṭṭun 0 di Rhizome, di Lezzayer tamanaɣt. Ahat imi d tallit seld Lḥirak i yella fad, tadinamikt n usnulfu, rnu-yas ilem ilaqen ad yaččar. Neṭṭef-d diɣen isawalen s-ɣur tinedlisin di Tunes, di Lmerruk, di Maser, di Biljik…
Nettuqabal diɣen akken ilaq di temdinin nniḍen anagar Lezzayer tamanaɣt. Nga isenkaden deg aṭas n temnaḍin am Tlemsan, Qsenṭina, Wehran, Tizi-Wezzu, Ɛennaba. Nettwasnubget s-ɣur timesrit n udlis n At Yanni anda nedder yiwet n tegnit tesseḍsay imi tazeqqa anda nga asenked teččur d irgazen, am akken d-tḍerru di temdinin timecṭuḥin. Nemmeslay ɣef tameṭṭutant akked Lḥirak war ugur.
Mi ara nettaru, ur nettxemmim ara ɣef tedrest neɣ ɣef kra n wayen swayes ara d-glunt tira-nteɣ imi isental ɣef aydeg nettaru (tazmart, timeddurin n tlawin…) d isental n yal ass. Ur nettak iwellihen ur nderres tirawin n temyura-nneɣ. Maca, mi ara nmeyyez cwiṭ, ad naf d akken hat tadrest nettawi-tt daxel nteɣ, nessen tilisa-nteɣ.
Imeɣriyen : anwi i d imeɣriyen n La Place ? Imeɣriyen d tilawin kan, neɣ usan-d seg uḥris n yidles, n unadi neɣ n timmuɣnest ? Yella wacu i wen-id-yewwḍen s-qûr iimeɣriyen ?
Tugett n yimeɣriyen usan-d seg timmuɣnest. Deg At Yanni amedya, d imeɣnasen n tzelmeḍt yessawalen i yiman-nsen imagdayen yerna tamsalt n tlawin ulac-itt deg ayen ɣef ittnaḍaḥen.
Deg isenkaden i nxeddem, llan yemdanen d-yettasen s tewnafit. S umata, imeɣriyen d timeɣriyin d ilmeẓyen, ad sɛun ɛecrin iseggasen, ṭṭaqa deg-sen d inelmaden d tnelmadin. Maca neẓra belli ur nezmir ara ad nḥaz imeɣriyyen berra n yiɣerbazen d tesdawiyin. Tikwal ttlummun deg-neɣ imi ur nekkat ara amek ara nḥaz tilawin n tudrin d yidurar, d acu nekkni ur nesɛi ara iswi-agi acku nekkenti nettaru, iwakken ad iɣer yiwen ayen nettaru ilaq ad yili yessen ad iɣer, ayagi d ayen ibanen, yerna ilaq ad yili yezmer ad ikcem ar tnedlist neɣ ad yesɛu internet ma yella ur yezmir ara ad ixelleṣ 2000 idinaren. Maca, netteɛraḍ akken ad ilin imagraden-nteɣ sehlen i tɣuri d tigzi.
Amennuɣ ɣef tgada : Ar taggara, turiḍ-d di tgejdit n wuṭṭun wis 3 d akken asmi ara d-yaweḍ wass anda ur nuḥwaǧ ara ad nennaɣ ɣef tgada, ass-nni ad neḥbes ur d-nesufuɣ ara La Place. Amennuɣ-nkent ɣef tgada teɛna kan acberber n yibabaten ɣef tlawin akked tgada n yizerfan gar yirgazen n tilawin am akken ttwaḍemnen di tmendawt tazzayrit xas akken ttwarekḍen s-ɣur angal n twacult, neɣ ɣef d amennuɣ i uḍman n tiɣermi n tidet i yal yiwet d yal yiwen ?
Iban di sin. Ɣur-nteɣ, yella umennuɣ akken irgazen d tilawin ad ilin mgadan di yal aḥric n tudert deg yizerfan d tilawt tayalast. Ma yella kra n yisuḍaf ddan-d d wayen ɣef i nettnaɣ akked yizerfan-nteɣ, di tilawt, d ayen nniḍen i nettwali. Tikwal d imennuɣen d temsal tuɣrimin i yettawin ar ubeddel n usaḍuf, tikwal nniḍen, d asaḍuf i d-yettawin abeddel di tmetti.
[1] I usmekti, yiwet n tnaddalt tettewwet s-ɣur kra n yergazen kra n dqayyeq uqbel taruẓii n lmeɣreb deg wayyur n remḍan. Nna-as : « plastek fe lkuzina » (amkan-im di tkkuzint).